It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single.B.Sc Microbiology I SEM -2019. The thermostat dial reading is approximate and the exact temperature is read by introducing a thermometer into the oven or on a built-in L-shaped thermometer.Biology is the scientific study of life. An oven (Figure 3.2) has a thermostat-control, using which the required constant temperature can be obtained by trial and error. 6.The glassware’s are sterilized at 180☌ for 3 hours. Lysozyme is an enzyme which degrade bacterial cell walls by catalyzing hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan. Botulinum toxin is a protenaceous neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum.After loading the glassware’s, the door is closed and oven switched on.Biology Final Biology Lab Midterm chapter 13 Chapter 6 Public Opinion. Time is set by a digital timer. B.Sc (CBCS) IV Semester MICROBIOLOGY Practical Question bank (updated) B.Sc (CBCS) V Semester Solid State Physics Practical Question bank.In a modern oven (Figure 3.3), there is a digital temperature display and automatic temperature controller to set the desired temperature easily. B.SC APPLIED NUTRITION &PH I SEM-2019. B.SC BIO-CHEMISTRY I SEM-2019. B.SC CLINICAL NUTRITION I SEM-2019.
Microbiology Lab Practical Exam 2 Crack The GlasswareThey are dried inside the drying oven at 100☌ till the glassware’s dry up completely. Drying Oven:For preparation of certain reagents, the glassware’s, after proper cleaning and rinsing with distilled water, are required to be dried. Otherwise, if the door is opened, while the inside of the oven is still very hot, cold air may rush in and crack the glassware’s. The oven is opened, only after its temperature comes down near to room temperature. The oven switches off automatically after the set time. After the oven attains the set temperature, the required time of sterilization is set on the timer.The steam under pressure in the inner chamber reaches temperatures in excess of 100☌, which can sterilise the materials kept inside it. The maximum temperature that can be obtained by boiling water in an open container is 100☌ (boiling point of water).Then, its steam release valve is closed. It is used not only to sterilize liquid substances such as prepared media and saline (diluents) solutions, but also to sterilize glassware’s, when required.It has the same working principle as a domestic pressure cooker.Moisture is supplied by placing a beaker of water in the incubator during the growth period. Here, the operator sets the desired temperature and the required period of time.The incubator automatically maintains it accordingly. Exact temperature, as per requirement, is set by rotating the thermostat knob by trial and error and noting the temperature on the thermometer.Most of the modern incubators (Figure 3.8) are programmable, which do not need trial and error temperature setting. Accurate temperature can be seen on the thermometer fixed on the incubator. The temperature reading on the thermostat is approximate. 37☌), the usual temperature of incubation is 37☌.The incubator has a thermostat, which maintains a constant temperature, set according to requirement. Rotation of the thermostat knob moves a needle on a dial showing approximate temperature. The BOD low temperature incubator (Figure 3.9), which can maintain temperatures from 50☌ to as low as 2-3☌ is used for incubation in such cases.The constant desired temperature is set by rotating the knob of the thermostat. BOD Incubator (Low Temperature Incubator) :Some microbes are to be grown at lower temperatures for specific purposes. Deep-fridge :It is used to store chemicals and preserve samples at very low sub-zero temperatures. It is also used for the storage of sterilized media, so as to prevent their dehydration. Stock cultures of bacteria are also stored in it between sub-culturing periods. The incubator automatically maintains it accordingly.It serves as a repository for thermo labile chemicals, solutions, antibiotics, serums and biochemical reagents at cooler temperatures and even at sub-zero temperatures (at less than 0☌). Here, the operator sets the desired temperature and the required period of time. Weighing takes more time, for which it is used in emergency only. Double-pan Analytical Balance :It is used to weigh chemicals and samples precisely. Electronic Analytical Balance :It is used to weigh small quantities of chemicals and samples precisely and quickly. It is also used in the preparation of reagents, because the chemical impurities present in tap water may interfere with the proper functioning of the reagent chemicals.As manufacture of distilled water by Liebig condenser is a time-taking process, in most laboratories, it is prepared by ‘distilled water plants’. That is why it is preferred in the preparation of microbiological media. Moreover, the higher is the bacteria content of the media, the longer is the time required for their sterilization and greater is the chance of survival of some bacteria.Distilled water, though not bacteria- free, contains less number of bacteria. If the media are prepared using tap water, the chemical impurities present in it may interfere with the growth of the microorganisms in the media. It is heated by in-built electric heating elements (immersion heater).The still works efficiently, when the water in-flow is so adjusted that, the temperature of the cooling water flowing out from the still into the sink is neither too high nor too low i.e., warm water should flow out. The still is installed on the wall. It is also called distilled water still.It has one inlet to be connected to the water tap and two outlets, one for distilled water to drop into a container and the other for the flow out of hot cooling water into the sink. Here, water is allowed to pass through very fine microscopic pores, which retain the microscopic suspended particle including the microbes.Then, the water passes through two columns of ion exchange resins. To overcome this, ultrapure water is used. In case of distilled water, there is chance that, few volatile substances present in the water get volatilized during heating of the water and subsequently get condensed into the distilled water collected.Thus, there may be traces of such substances in the distilled water. Ultrapure Water Purification System :For precision analytical works, now-a-days, instead of using double- or triple-distilled water, micro- filtered water is used. For precision analyses, double- or triple- distilled water is used. However, for a microbiology laboratory, a steel or glass distillation apparatus is sufficient. It has a speed regulator for controlling the speed of rotation of the impeller.In some laboratories mixing is done manually by sterilized pestle and mortar. This suspension is assumed to contain bacteria homogenously.The mixing of solid samples and diluents is done by a homogenizer, in which a motor rotates an impeller with sharp blades at high speed inside the closed homogenizer cup containing the sample and the diluents. Homogeniser:For microbiological analysis, liquid samples are directly used, whereas solid samples have to be mixed thoroughly with a diluents (usually physiological saline), so as to get a homogenous suspension of bacteria. The water that comes out is extremely pure. Aba data collection softwareIt has a glass pH electrode. PH Meter :A pH meter is an instrument for determining the pH of liquid media, liquid samples and buffers. This machine is called stomacher. Black axe founderThe temperature calibration knob is rotated to the temperature of the solutions whose pH is to the measured.Then, the electrode is dipped into the buffer (pH 7.0). The instrument is switched on and left for 30 minutes to warm up. Usually buffers of pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.2 are available commercially. Then, the electrode is dipped in another buffer (pH 4.0 or 9.2).
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